Incidencia de potyvirus y caracterización molecular de PVY en regiones productoras de papa (Solanum tuberosum L) de Colombia / Incidence of potyvirus and molecular characterization of PVY in potato (Solanum tuberosum L) growing regions of Colombia

Los problemas virales reducen los rendimientos y la calidad del tubérculo semilla en cultivos de papa de todo el mundo. Esta investigación se planteó con el fin de evaluar los niveles de incidencia de potyvirus en diez de las principales regiones cultivadoras de papa de los departamentos de Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca y Nariño (Colombia), y las características genotípicas del virus Y de la papa (Potato virus Y, PVY), seleccionado por ser el potyvirus más limitante de este cultivo. Para la evaluación de la incidencia se utilizaron pruebas de Elisa con anticuerpos que reconocen epítopes comunes a los potyvirus, mientras que las pruebas moleculares incluyeron el análisis filogenético de secuencias parciales del gen de la cápside viral de 33 aislamientos, así como la secuenciación de una porción de los extremos 5´ y 3´del genoma de dos cepas colombianas de este virus. Los resultados confirmaron la presencia de potyvirus en los cultivos de los cuatro departamentos evaluados, con una incidencia promedio del 72%, siendo este nivel superior al 56% en todas las zonas evaluadas. Los análisis moleculares del PVY, permitieron asociar las cepas colombianas estudiadas con las razas PVYN y la variante PVYNTN, esta última responsable de la enfermedad conocida en el mundo como PTNRD (Potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease).

Potato viruses are responsible for significant reductions in seed quality and crop yields around the world. In this study, we evaluate the levels of incidence of potyvirus in ten potato growing regions of Colombia from the provinces of Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Nariño. As PVY is the most limiting potyvirus in potato farming, a molecular characterization of Colombian PVY strains was also performed. Incidence was evaluated by ELISA using general potyvirus antibodies. Phylogenetic analysis were made on the partial sequence of the capsid gene from 33 isolates. A portion of the 5´ and 3' genome ends was obtained from two Colombian strains. Results confirmed the presence of potyvirus in the four provinces with an average incidence of 72%. The lowest incidence value was 56%. Molecular analysis clustered all Colombian isolates with strains PVYN and PVYNTN, the latter responsible for the disease known as PTNRD (Potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease).

Encapsidation defectiveness of herpes simplex virus type 2 during replication at acid pH condition.

The maximal yield of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) grown at pH 6.5 decreased 10(2)-10(3) fold compared to that recovered at pH 7.5. Electron microscopic observation of the infected cells maintained at these 2 pH conditions indicated that approximately equal amounts of immature virions were synthesized 6 hours after infection. However, at 18 hours post infection the majority of viruses present in the nucleus of infected cells maintained at pH 6.5 were empty or partially cored capsids with some particles enveloped and present in the cytoplasm, whereas at pH 7.5 mature virions already appeared at the cytoplasmic membrane. Analysis of viral polypeptides by radioimmunoprecipitation indicated that the synthesis of p40, a family of polypeptides closely involved in viral DNA encapsidation, was significantly impaired in infected cells maintained at pH 6.5.

Structure of rotavirus particle: interaction of the inner capsid protein VP6 with the core polypeptide VP3

The structural relationship between VP6 (inner capsid polypeptide) and the viral core was studied using chemical cross-linking with dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). Crosslinked single shelled and reconstituted rotavirus particles, suggest the existence of a complex organization of VP6 molecules in the inner capsid and a direct interaction with the core polypeptide VP3. The inhibition of the recovery of RNA polymerase activity associated with the reconstitution of the single shelled particle in the presence of antiVP6 monoclonal antibodies indicates that a VP6 domain between amino acids 56 and 58 seems to be important in viral transcription. A VP6 gene temperature-sensitive mutant (ts G) carrying a mutation affecting assembly of single shelled particles was used in reconstitution experiments. The mutant was able to recover RNA polymerase activity at restrictive temperature. Wild type cores or VP6 were able toreconstitute the particle with both the mutant cores and VP6. These results suggest the existence of various steps for the assembly of single shelled particles, where the VP6-VP3 interaction seems to be important for recovery of RNA polymerase activity